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Kolchak army offensive
Kolchak army offensive (March - April 1919) - an episode of Russian Civil War.
== Background ==
At the end of 1918 year the situation on the Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War was unclear. Both sides fought for the Kama river. Supreme Command of Reds prepared for the great fights on the Southern and Western fronts, hence there were no supplies for the Eastern front. At the end of December Whites conquered Perm on the northern flank, but Reds captured Ufa on the southern flank. On 22 January 1919 Red's 1st Army connected with Turkestan Army, advanced from the Middle Asia; on 24 January Red's 4th Army captured Uralsk.
At the beginning of 1919 Supreme Command of Whites decided to advance on two directions. The purpose of northern advancing was to connect with North Russia Front and to strike on Petrograd; the purpose of southern advancing was to crush the front of Reds on the middle Volga river and to strike on Moscow. Whites had three armies: Siberian Army (52,000 men, 83 guns, commander - Radola Gajda) on the northern flank between Glazov and Perm, Western Army (48,000 men, 120 guns, commander - Mikhail Hanzhin) in the middle between Birsk and Ufa, cossacks (11,000 - 13,000 men) on the southern flank. Reds had 4th Army (commander - Mikhail Frunze), Turkestan Army (commander - Georgii Zinoviev) and 1st Army (commander - Gaya Gai) in the region to the north of Caspian Sea (52,000 men, 200 guns and 613 machineguns in common), to the north of them on 200 km front there were 10,000 men, 42 guns and 142 machineguns of 5th Army (commander - Jan Blumberg); near Sarapul located 2nd army (22,000 men, 70 guns and 475 machineguns, commander - Vasilii Shorin), near Perm railway - 3d Army (27,000 men, 69 guns and 491 machineguns, commander - M.Lashevich, since 5 March - Sergei Mezheninov). Therefore, on the northern flank both sides were equal, Whites prevailed in the middle (49,000 men of Hanzhin against 10,000 men of Red's 5th Army) but Reds had an advantage on the southern flank (52,000 men of Reds against 19,000 men of Whites). Both sides decided to strike by the right flank (Whites - by right flank and center) and to cut the communication lines of the opponent's left flank. At the end of February Whites pushed left flank of Red's 2nd Army, forced it to retreat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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